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| Jesus is Risen |
Having loved His own which were
in the world, He loved them to the end. Often had they been faithless and now,
while addressing them, He knows that they will all in a few hours forsake Him.
Yet He trusts them; He commits His cause to their keeping. And we must love as
He loved.1
The
first century Church was in crisis at the very beginning. The Roman governor
Pontius Pilate had ordered the execution Jesus Christ, and many apostles had
run and hid from the authorities. Priests had turned Christ over to the pagan
procurator and successfully urged him to crucify Christ. Evangelists and
teachers had surrendered their ministry to be derided and disallowed in the
city streets as well as in the temple. An air of distress and fear hung over
the church.
But
something powerful, even colossal, arose to restore the confidence and buoyancy
of the New Testament congregation: the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The task
of the church, in the Christ’s vision, was to preach the good news of
redemption to a fallen world as it seeks to make lawful disciples (Matthew
28:19-20). Jesus sought to purge sin from His people’s record and reduce wickedness
in every corner of the globe through the expanse of the church.
After
Christ’s resurrection appearances, the church believed that, in all lands, the
first job was to preach the gospel (the death and resurrection of Christ: 1
Corinthians 15:1-4) and then defend the faith (1Peter 3:15). Yes, Jesus was
unlawfully arrested and sentenced to death. Yes, Jesus died. But on the third
day Christ arose and this truth wouldn’t be diluted by fright and anxiety. With
this offensive posture, the apostolic church would build a robust ark for all
those who came to Christ. The resurrection changed everything.
You
can see the resurrection effect in the waning movement of the Sadducees (the
priests and their sect): people who doubled down on manmade religion and their
self-centered traditions. The growth of the church through the resurrection of
Christ made the sect of the Sadducees (priestly) obsolete. The opposite of
applied resurrection power one can see in many of the current cults (Mormons,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, Moonies, etc.), which feel besieged in a hostile world.
You can identify the modern-day cultists because they fear society is flowing
away from them, and when they complain it’s always an attempt at intra-communal
protection because they think everybody outside their world desires their
demise.
One
of the problems with cultists, the church points, is that they are too static.
They try to seal off an ark to ride out the tempest, but they end up shutting
themselves in. They cut themselves off from others and the challenge of truth.
In contrast, the church is on the move. Christ mounted the wings of
resurrection power and His followers run with a risen Savior. Thus, the people
of God go on offense and swallow the ungodly domain as it transforms it by the
word of God. And the empowering truth of the resurrection is assured and is to
be defended (Jude 3).
The world will bring its
condemnation. They may even put their sword behind it. But we know that the
highest court has already ruled in our favor. “If God is for us, who can be
against us?” (Romans 8:31). If they reject us, he accepts us. If they hate us,
he loves us. If they imprison us, he sets our spirits free. If they afflict us,
he refines us by the fire. If they kill us, he makes it a passage to paradise.
They cannot defeat us. Christ has died. Christ has risen. We are alive in him.
And in him there is no condemnation. We are forgiven, and we are righteous. “And
the righteous are bold as a lion.”2
To
whatever degree men discard God’s word they must attempt to substitute it with
something within their own nature. In snubbing God as the ground for truth men
suppose that He is, in fact, replaced by mankind's reason. On every occasion
where people banish God from their analysis, a void is left which must be
filled. When analyzing the death of Jesus, if one dismisses the accounts in the
Gospels, one is not only left without the best informational source, one is
caught without a foundation to account for the universal operational features
utilized in such an analysis.
As
scholars strive to fill that rational barrenness, they find it necessary to act
as magistrate over God and His word in questions such as:
- Does God exist?
- Did God speak?
- Can one trust God’s word?
To
deny God, unsurprisingly, leads to the elevation of man and human reason over
God’s revelation. One sees this in the work of the Jesus Seminar, Bart Ehrman,
and Bill O’Reilly.
God’s is the Ultimate Ruler of
Reason
I maintain belief [p]
Christ’s resurrection because there are good grounds to believe [p]. However, I
believe in [p] because the Christian worldview is and must be true since it
furnishes the necessary conditions for intelligibly—the structured necessary
categories of understanding. Above and beyond those truths, because of the
illumination from the Holy Spirit, I know [p] in a certain, undeniable, and
indubitable manner. The evidential burden for rational belief in the
resurrection can be set high since it is an essential feature of the Christian
worldview; the worldview that provides the universal functioning categories of
intelligibility.
So, regarding the
Resurrection, there is worldview proof as well as proof by a preponderance of
evidence.
I believe Christ is
alive because:
·
The preponderance of the evidence supports the resurrection
·
The Christian worldview is true
·
Most significantly, God has revealed His truth to me by His grace
through the Word and Spirit
Since a believer and
non-believer will assess the evidence differently, under dissimilar
presuppositions, this will affect how each assesses the historical evidence. The
divergent ways in which men interpret evidence is one reason contending at the
worldview level is so crucial. The rational confidence in the truth of a
historical account is not always evidentially established. Non-evidential modus
does not imply non-rational. In fact, all knowledge can be connected back to
one’s ultimate commitments—unargued rational pre-commitments. Thus, there is a
direct appeal to the facts as well as the worldview that provides the
preconditions necessary for the discovery, examination, analysis, and
communication of facts.
Since
God is not only real, but necessary, then the scholar who strives to analyze
and evaluate the killing of Jesus (or any subject) devoid of a divine
foundation understands only in terms of himself. He attempts to comprehend that
which is beyond him. This is the case since he is assessing selected infinite
features using his finite mind while he is not in a proper epistemic position
to discern such truth. God is boundless in His knowledge, but humans are limited
creatures who can never provide the infinitely-broad operational features
necessarily utilized in all research. One needs God as one’s ground for reason
to account for all the implicit features of rational analysis.
Scholars
researching the resurrection of Christ should not presume the entitlements of
the all-knowing God. Man is fallen. People have sinned. Acquiescing to the
actuality of sin is requirement for real conversion—one must repent from sin
and trust in Christ. The accurate researcher must consent to his finitude and
its limitations. He must understand himself in light of who God is and what He
has revealed. Nevertheless, many academics scrap both. Too often writers
tackling the subject of Christ and His resurrection approach the subject with
naturalistic presuppositions. Naturalism denies the fallen nature of man and
effectively makes human reason the controlling authority, the rational zenith
used to analyze the truth of God’s word. The positions are then reversed, for
the reason that God is then at best an unnecessary idea. He is vulgarly
dismissed as a superfluous invasion into naturalism's domain.
Scholarship
that ignores God as the foundation for proper enquiry will go in the direction
that man’s fallen reason takes him. This scholarship overtly overlooks both
finitude and man’s fallen nature as it puts an impossible encumbrance on man's
reasoning. Indeed, reason is a necessary but insufficient tool required for
historical examination and inquiry. But naturalistic methodology makes it the locus
of preeminence. No sane man should speak against human reason inasmuch as one
must use it while rebuffing it. But only God provides the necessary a priori conditions for the universal
functioning aspects employed in the reasoning process.
The Parameters of Human Reason
Reason
is limited by the finitude and sinfulness of mankind. People lack the
ontological capacity to understand and experience all the potentialities within
the cosmos and there are knowledge and ontic realms he cannot experience at
all. His rational ability is inadequate to account for the tools of reason
employed to investigate the death of Christ. People cannot understand
everything they encounter and know. All the combined minds of humanity
throughout all history could not understand complete reality, yet selected
scholarship stresses that we should understand God’s word by naturalistic
presuppositions. The consequence is an incoherent and unbiblical view of Christ
as well as a jaundiced understanding regarding the meaning of His life, death,
and resurrection. Their presupposition about the reliability of naturalistic
concepts makes it and not revelation their ultimate locus. The logic of these
assumptions ends up excluding Christ from a discussion about His own life and
death.
In
an analysis of Christ’s death, naturalistic assumptions must give way to the
foundation of intelligibly: God. Naturalistic thought is principally void of
any genuine notion of truth or knowledge. The alternative is a thoroughly
scripture-based worldview, which alone provides the universal necessities
required for historical exploration and analysis.
God
(y) is a necessary condition for the possibility of historical analysis
(x)—since x is the case, it logically follows that y must be the case.
In
this way skepticism regarding Christ’s life and death are overturned using
arguments from ultimate criteria (immutable foundation with universal reign:
Christianity—the Christian worldview vs. a non-theistic worldview (which has a mutable
non-universal foundation).
The
skeptic accepts the reality of historical analysis, the necessary condition of
which is God.* This problem seems to be disabling for the semi-skeptical
program of Aslan, Ehrman, and other trendy critics. This is the case not merely
because of skepticism’s dubious coherence, but because of its ontological
limitation—it lacks a source that is lofty and majestic enough to provide
universal immutables utilized in historical analysis. In rational pursuits,
including historical investigation, there is no ontic cheating: you either have
the goods or you do not. If one’s worldview lacks the resources to account for
the universal operating features of reason, it is incapable of underwriting
such an enterprise.
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*God
furnishes all the a priori
essentials; the necessary epistemic equipment utilized in all analytical
pursuits. God has the ontic attributes of omniscience, immutability, and
omnipotence (He has universal range and influence) enabling Him to be the
ground for the universal and immutable laws of logic that are utilized in all
thought and analysis. Any position that rejects the true God, as the epistemic
(knowledge) base, not only leaves an unnerving fissure, but hopelessly fails.
Consequently, whatever evidence one discovers must be discerned and processed
with the rational implements that arise from Christian theism and the worldview
that emanates from God. The true God is the primordial requirement for all
investigation, proof, evidence, and analysis. He is the a priori verity condition for the intelligibility of reality. The
immaterial, transcendent, and immutable God supplies the indispensable
pre-environment for the use of immaterial, transcendent, universal, and
immutable laws of logic (law of identity: A = A; law of non-contradiction:
A~~A). Atheistic thought, because it rests upon mutable and non-universal
ground, cannot furnish the necessary preconditions for the immutable universal
laws of logic; therefore it results in futility because of its internal
weakness.
Often
the Bible uses evidential arguments. For example, when scripture declares in
Psalm 19 that the heavens declare the glory of God, it is denoting how God’s
glory is manifested in the natural world. It is proven by nature itself. Evidence and proof are everywhere. If you
offer an evidential assertion, you should have real evidence to posit such.
Equally, there is no amount of evidence that is adequate in and of itself to
persuade a non-believer of the truth of Jesus Christ. Prayer must be undertaken
and the law and gospel must be presented, but God’s grace is the ultimate lorry
for salvation of a soul.
The Assured Resurrection of Jesus
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| Jesus is risen and His resurrection changed the world |
Now I would
remind you, brothers, of the gospel I preached to you, which you received, in
which you stand, and by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word
I preached to you—unless you believed in vain. For I delivered to you as of
first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in
accordance with the scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the
third day in accordance with the scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas,
then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one
time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep (1
Corinthians 15:1-6).
He observed that it was not
possible for the apostles “to continue to reaffirm the truth time after time,
if in fact Jesus wasn’t resurrected from the dead” (Simon Greenleaf, onetime
skeptic; Law School professor at Harvard: wrote the long-used text book for
ascertaining legal evidence).
Selected facts concerning
the resurrection of Jesus Christ:
1. Numerous eyewitnesses testified under the threat of death that they saw
the risen Jesus, including 500 people at one time (1Cor. 15).
To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion by many infallible
proofs, being seen of them forty days, and speaking of the things pertaining to
the kingdom of God (Acts 1:3).
2. All the apostles, except John, died a horrible death knowing they
observed Jesus alive from the dead. Hundreds more died because they would not
recant the fact that they had seen the risen Jesus. Not one apostle recanted to
save himself from a torturous death.
3. The resurrection was proclaimed in the city of Jerusalem where the
trial, crucifixion, and resurrection took place. If Jesus had not risen from
the dead, his enemies only had to produce his body and this new religion that
they hated would be terminated before it started.
4. The conversion of the opponents of Christianity, including many Jewish
Priests and Pharisees (Acts 6:7, 15:5, 20:21), can best be explained by the
resurrection of Christ. The risen Jesus converted many of those who executed
Him because of the overwhelming evidence of His resurrection and His many
appearances.
On the first day of the week, very early in the morning, the women took the
spices they had prepared and went to the tomb. They found the stone rolled away
from the tomb, but when they entered, they did not find the body of the Lord
Jesus. While they were wondering about this, suddenly two men in clothes that
gleamed like lightning stood beside them. In their fright the women bowed down
with their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you look for
the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told
you, while he was still with you in Galilee” (Luke 24:1-6).
5.
Ancient hostile sources and extra-biblical writers
record the matching facts of Christ’s death and empty tomb including Josephus
in his Testimonium Flavianum recorded
below:
Now there was about this time
Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of
wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He
drew over to him both many of the Jews and many of the Gentiles. He was [the]
Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had
condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake
him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets
had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And
the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct at
this day.3
6. The continuous defense of the resurrection in front of Roman government
officials from Paul to Tertullian was unchallenged by Rome and all ancient
historians. No plausible explanation, other than the resurrection, existed or
the precise government records could have been employed to refute the Christian
claims.
7. Jesus’ tomb was secured and guarded by well-trained Jewish and Roman
guards. The tomb had a Roman seal to prevent tampering, with the threat of
execution for breaking the seal, yet the tomb was empty. Every ancient
historical source that discusses the subject verifies that the tomb was empty.
Gary
Habermas concerning the uniqueness of Christ: “The reports of Buddha and
Krishna come hundreds of years afterward [after the Resurrection of Christ]. No
other major religious founder in ancient times was ever crucified. Further, it
cannot be demonstrated that there is even a single pagan resurrection account
prior to Jesus, whether mythological or historical.”4
The
only logical explanation for these historical events that can be given is
that God resurrected Jesus
(George Eldon).
The Real Battle
Moreover, the real
analytical fight is between presuppositions. The Christian presupposes God who
raised Christ from the dead and provides all the required preconditions for the
laws of logic that allow one to investigate anything, including the
resurrection. Atheism is absent an accounting of such a priori truth conditions.
God
has never left himself without a witness to men. He witnessed to them through
every fact of the universe from the beginning of time. No rational creature can
escape this witness. It is the witness of the triune God whose face is before
men everywhere and all the time. Even the lost in the hereafter cannot escape
the revelation of God. God made man a rational-moral creature. He will always
be that. As such he is confronted with God. He is addressed by God. He exists
in the relationship of covenant interaction. He is a covenant being. To not
know God man would have to destroy himself. He cannot do this. There is no
non-being into which man can slip in order to escape God’s face and voice. The
mountains will not cover him; Hades will not hide him. Nothing can prevent his
being confronted “with him with whom we have to do.” Whenever he sees himself,
he sees himself confronted with God.5
It makes more sense to
believe first century Jewish eyewitnesses than twenty-first century occidental
skeptics. Matthew wrote the following, as a witness, two decades after the
resurrection of Jesus Christ:
But the angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you
seek Jesus who was crucified. He is not here, for he has risen, as he said.
Come, see the place where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his disciples that
he has risen from the dead, and behold, he is going before you to Galilee;
there you will see him. See, I have told you” (Matthew 28:5-7).6
Sufficiency and Proof: God
The issue
isn’t only about evidence for the Bible and God. The sure proof for the Bible
is that without God’s word, one cannot account for evidence because God is the
precondition for unchanging logical norms that must be utilized in marshaling
and pondering evidence. Non-theistic systems of thought fail to supply the
necessary a prior conditions for
logical norms. Humanity and the physical world are in a constant state of flux.
A changing, material-only
conglomeration of the sum of human intelligence cannot provide the needed a priori conditions for the unchanging laws of thought. The laws of
thought require a transcendent and unchanging foundation.
Without using unchanging
logical norms, one cannot even deny that logical norms are mandatory for the
judgment of evidence. Without the transcendent and immutable God, who holds
universal power and knowledge, one cannot justify transcendent, immutable, and universal laws of logic
utilized in looking at any evidence—humanity and the material cosmos are mutable and lack universal power.
There is nothing a skeptic
can assert without ultimately relying on theism, since theism furnishes the
preconditions for fixed logical norms. God is the preexisting foundation for
all deliberation and assertion.
• Examination and analysis of evidence
presuppose the universal operational features of rationality.
• The universal operational features of
rationality presuppose God.
• Examination and analysis of evidence
presuppose God.
The Consuming Truth of Theism
Men and
the thoughts of men change, but the universal operational features of
rationality do not change. This demands that the universal operational features
of rationality could not have been derived from the brains of humans or our
always-changing physical world. Something that is immutable cannot come from
that which is mutable. This notifies us that atheism cannot provide the
necessary preconditions for the intelligibility of our world. So every time an
unbeliever attempts to disprove the Lord God, they are just tossing dirt clods
at a mountain. The denial of God presupposes God and only adds to that
epistemic actuality.
Today, I would say the claim
concerning the resurrection is more impressive than any by the religious
competition7 (former atheist Anthony Flew).
It’s
worth noting that the apostles saw the risen Christ, touched the risen Christ,
and died tortuous deaths proclaiming the truth of the resurrection. They did
this when all they had to do was deny it to avoid persecution and death. Yes,
many people die for lies, but no collective, diverse group of people die for a
lie when they have sure knowledge that it is a lie.
Christ the Lord is risen today,
Sons of men and angels say. Raise your joys and triumphs high; Sing, you
heavens, and earth reply (Charles Wesley).
Furthermore,
all known ancient documents that refer to the subject report an empty tomb.
Even though the manner in which one accepts or rejects the evidence on the
historicity of the ancient documents and other papyrus is controlled by one’s
presuppositions. Yea, the facts are mighty. The evidence is there, and it is
impressive, but there is an important distinction between proof and persuasion.
The Variance of Presuppositions
The
historical and biblical testimony concerning the resurrection of Christ is
compelling truth to believers. Those outside the faith have a different set of
presuppositions and this leads to problems when one employs biblical proof
outside the epistemic credentials of the Christian worldview. The scriptures do
not instruct one to press only the brute prima
facie evidence, but to press the a
priori necessity of the truth of Christianity. The job of the Christian
isn’t merely to demonstrate the probability that God exists through displaying
the brute evidence outside the Christian worldview, but to demonstrate that God
lives. God is the verity condition for all argument, proof, evidence,
verification, reason, and knowledge itself. It is impossible for God not to
exist forasmuch as He is the ontic truth condition for all intelligent
exchanges. Evidence, yes. Massive probability, yes. But more—every argument
concerning evidence and probability require God.
Resurrection Evidence Is Magnificent
Evidence
is indeed wonderful. The Christian faith has an abundance of evidence to
support its claims. In truth, there is nothing but evidence for the God of the Bible. Every star and
every atom declares the majesty of God (Psalm 19:1). We see the evidence of
God’s fingerprints in every corner of the universe. Mankind discovers the proof
and affirms many of the facts that the Bible records and announces. The
greatest miracle is the resurrection of Jesus. Jesus Christ is alive! He is the
only religious leader in history to rise from the dead. He is the only one who
promised a resurrection, and He kept His promise. You can visit the tombs of
all the deceased religious leaders and find their remains still in the grave.
Dovtastic shares his visit to Muhammad’s grave:
“During my trip this year on Hajj I had the great honor to visit our Prophet
Muhammad’s … grave in the Ottoman front portion of the Masjid Al Nabawi. This
beautiful masjid holds one million
people in Medina and when the grave is open for visitation, 1000s of people are
passing through every minute.”8 This
man and millions others have seen the occupied grave of Islam’s founder,
proving that Muhammad remained dead. You can visit the graves of leaders like
Mary Baker Eddy, Joseph Smith, and Muhammad from your computer by watching a
video of the gravesite on Youtube. They and all the others died and stayed
dead; their occupied tombs attest to it. Jesus, however, is alive. His grave is
empty. When people visit His grave it’s vacant.
Jesus
said, “All power on earth and heaven has been given to me” (Matthew 28:18). No
force could have kept Him down. The Romans killed Him, put Him in a cave tomb,
and placed huge boulder at a downward angle in front of the cave, pasted
Caesar’s seal on the crypt, and posted Roman guards to protect the tomb. They
were only trying to prevent the inevitable. Jesus had the power to rise, and
nobody could stop Him. God used Christ’s resurrection and His appearances
before His disciples, and He used the subsequent preaching of the apostles, to
win many of Christ’s enemies to salvation. The Bible tells us that “the word of
God spread, and the number of the disciples multiplied greatly in Jerusalem;
and a great many of the priests were obedient to the faith” (Acts 6:7).
Scripture also records that some Pharisees converted to Christianity (Acts
15:5).
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| Risen New book offers proof for the resurrection of Christ |
Notes
1.
Fuller,
Richard. Dictionary of Burning Words by
Brilliant Men.
2.
John
Piper, John. The Passion of Jesus Christ.
3.
Josephus,
Flavius. Antiquities 18.3.3.
4.
Craig, William. God is Good.
5.
Van Til, Cornelius. The
Defense of Faith.
6.
Thiede, Peter. Eyewitnesses
to Jesus.
7.
Flew,
Anthony. There is a God.
